“The strongest man in the world is he who stands most alone”
I am
going to experiment with curs, just for once; there may be some
exceptional heads among them.
Morten. And what are we going to do, when you have made liberal-minded
and high-minded men of us?
Dr. Stockmann. Then you shall drive all the wolves out of the country,
my boys!
(EJLIF looks rather doubtful about it; MORTEN jumps about crying
"Hurrah!")
Mrs. Stockmann. Let us hope it won't be the wolves that will drive you
out of the country, Thomas.
Dr. Stockmann. Are you out of your mind, Katherine? Drive me out!
Now—when I am the strongest man in the town!
Mrs. Stockmann. The strongest—now?
Dr. Stockmann. Yes, and I will go so far as to say that now I am the
strongest man in the whole world.
Morten. I say!
Dr. Stockmann (lowering his voice). Hush! You mustn't say anything
about it yet; but I have made a great discovery.
Mrs. Stockmann. Another one?
Dr. Stockmann. Yes. (Gathers them round him, and says confidentially:)
It is this, let me tell you—that the strongest man in the world is he
who stands most alone.
Mrs. Stockmann (smiling and shaking her head). Oh, Thomas, Thomas!
Petra (encouragingly, as she grasps her father's hands). Father!
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“Rob the average man of his life-illusion and you rob him also of his happiness”
The four or five withered Christmas-trees he has saved up are
the same to him as the whole great fresh Höidal forest; the cock and the
hens are big game-birds in the fir-tops; and the rabbits that flop about
the garret floor are the bears he has to battle with—the mighty hunter
of the mountains!
GREGERS.
Poor unfortunate old man! Yes; he has indeed had to narrow the ideals of
his youth.
RELLING.
While I think of it, Mr. Werle, junior—don’t use that foreign word:
ideals. We have the excellent native word: lies.
GREGERS.
Do you think the two things are related?
RELLING.
Yes, just about as closely as typhus and putrid fever.
GREGERS.
Dr. Relling, I shall not give up the struggle until I have rescued
Hialmar from your clutches!
RELLING.
So much the worse for him. Rob the average man of his life-illusion, and
you rob him of his happiness at the same stroke. [_To HEDVIG, who comes
in from the sitting-room._] Well, little wild-duck-mother, I'm just
going down to see whether papa is still lying meditating upon that
wonderful invention of his.
[_Goes out by the passage door._
GREGERS.
[_Approaches HEDVIG._] I can see by your face that you have not yet done
it.
HEDVIG.
What? Oh, that about the wild duck! No.
GREGERS.
I suppose your courage failed when the time came.
HEDVIG.
No, that wasn’t it. But when I awoke this morning and remembered what we
had been talking about, it seemed so strange.
GREGERS.
Strange?
HEDVIG.
Yes, I don’t know——. Yesterday evening, at the moment, I thought there
was something so delightful about it; but since I have slept and thought
of it again, it somehow doesn’t seem worth while.
“The devil is compromise”
OFFICIALS.
He is raving!
CLERGY.
He is mad!
BRAND.
Yes, I was so, when I thought
Ye in some sense also wrought
For the God who hateth Lies!
When I dream’d that I could lure
To your hearts His Spirit pure
By a feat of compromise.
Small the Church was; logic thence
Palter’d to the inference:
Twice the size—that cannot fail;
Fivefold,—that must needs prevail!
O, I saw not that the call
Was for _Nothing_ or else _All_.
Down that easy way I reel’d,
But to-day the Lord has spoken,
In this very hour has peal’d
Overhead the awful blast
Of His Judgment-trump at last,—
And I listen’d, in the wind
Of my anguish, baffled, broken,—
Even as David, having sinn’d—;
Now all hesitation dies.
Men! The Devil is _compromise_!
THE MULTITUDE.
[_With growing excitement._]
Down with them that quench’d our light
Sapp’d the marrow of our might!
BRAND.
In your souls the demon dwells
That has bound you with his spells.
You have put your powers at mart,
You have cleft yourselves in twain;
Discord therefore numbs your brain,
Petrifies your hollow heart.
To the Church to-day what drew you?
But the show, the show—nought else!—
Roll of organ, clash of bells,—
And to feel the tingle through you
Of a speaking-furnace dart,
As it lisps and lilts and prattles,
As it rolls and roars and rattles,
By the strictest rules of Art!
THE DEAN.
[_To himself._]
The Mayor’s chatter, he must mean.
THE MAYOR.
“A community is like a ship; everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm.”
Katherine, you can tell him where I left it. Ah, he has got it.
(The boys bring the various things.) Now, my friends. I stick to my
pipe, you know. This one has seen plenty of bad weather with me up
north. (Touches glasses with them.) Your good health! Ah, it is good to
be sitting snug and warm here.
Mrs. Stockmann (who sits knitting). Do you sail soon, Captain Horster?
Horster. I expect to be ready to sail next week.
Mrs. Stockmann. I suppose you are going to America?
Horster. Yes, that is the plan.
Mrs. Stockmann. Then you won't be able to take part in the coming
election?
Horster. Is there going to be an election?
Billing. Didn't you know?
Horster. No, I don't mix myself up with those things.
Billing. But do you not take an interest in public affairs?
Horster. No, I don't know anything about politics.
Billing. All the same, one ought to vote, at any rate.
Horster. Even if one doesn't know anything about what is going on?
Billing. Doesn't know! What do you mean by that? A community is like a
ship; everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm.
Horster. Maybe that is all very well on shore; but on board ship it
wouldn't work.
Hovstad. It is astonishing how little most sailors care about what goes
on on shore.
Billing. Very extraordinary.
Dr. Stockmann. Sailors are like birds of passage; they feel equally at
home in any latitude. And that is only an additional reason for our
being all the more keen, Hovstad. Is there to be anything of public
interest in tomorrow's "Messenger"?
Hovstad. Nothing about municipal affairs. But the day after tomorrow I
was thinking of printing your article—
Dr. Stockmann. Ah, devil take it—my article! Look here, that must wait
a bit.
Hovstad. Really? We had just got convenient space for it, and I thought
it was just the opportune moment—
Dr. Stockmann. Yes, yes, very likely you are right; but it must wait
all the same. I will explain to you later. (PETRA comes in from the
hall, in hat and cloak and with a bundle of exercise books under her
arm.)
Petra. Good evening.
“Do not use that foreign word ideals. We have that excellent native word lies.”
But for that, the poor
harmless creature would have succumbed to self-contempt and despair many
a long year ago. And then the old lieutenant! But he has hit upon his
own cure, you see.
GREGERS.
Lieutenant Ekdal? What of him?
RELLING.
Just think of the old bear-hunter shutting himself up in that dark
garret to shoot rabbits! I tell you there is not a happier sportsman in
the world than that old man pottering about in there among all that
rubbish. The four or five withered Christmas-trees he has saved up are
the same to him as the whole great fresh Höidal forest; the cock and the
hens are big game-birds in the fir-tops; and the rabbits that flop about
the garret floor are the bears he has to battle with—the mighty hunter
of the mountains!
GREGERS.
Poor unfortunate old man! Yes; he has indeed had to narrow the ideals of
his youth.
RELLING.
While I think of it, Mr. Werle, junior—don’t use that foreign word:
ideals. We have the excellent native word: lies.
GREGERS.
Do you think the two things are related?
RELLING.
Yes, just about as closely as typhus and putrid fever.
GREGERS.
Dr. Relling, I shall not give up the struggle until I have rescued
Hialmar from your clutches!
RELLING.
So much the worse for him. Rob the average man of his life-illusion, and
you rob him of his happiness at the same stroke. [_To HEDVIG, who comes
in from the sitting-room._] Well, little wild-duck-mother, I'm just
going down to see whether papa is still lying meditating upon that
wonderful invention of his.
[_Goes out by the passage door._
GREGERS.
[_Approaches HEDVIG._] I can see by your face that you have not yet done
it.
HEDVIG.
What? Oh, that about the wild duck! No.
GREGERS.
“You should never wear your best trousers when you go out to fight for freedom and truth”
Such a nice man
Dr. Stockmann (looking at the letter). Does not dare do otherwise, he
says. Doesn't like doing it, but dare not do otherwise—on account of
his fellow-citizens—out of regard for public opinion. Is in a
dependent position—dares not offend certain influential men.
Mrs. Stockmann. There, you see, Thomas!
Dr. Stockmann. Yes, yes, I see well enough; the whole lot of them in
the town are cowards; not a man among them dares do anything for fear
of the others. (Throws the letter on to the table.) But it doesn't
matter to us, Katherine. We are going to sail away to the New World,
and—
Mrs. Stockmann. But, Thomas, are you sure we are well advised to take
this step?
Dr. Stockmann. Are you suggesting that I should stay here, where they
have pilloried me as an enemy of the people—branded me—broken my
windows! And just look here, Katherine—they have torn a great rent in
my black trousers too!
Mrs. Stockmann. Oh, dear!—and they are the best pair you have got!
Dr. Stockmann. You should never wear your best trousers when you go out
to fight for freedom and truth. It is not that I care so much about the
trousers, you know; you can always sew them up again for me. But that
the common herd should dare to make this attack on me, as if they were
my equals—that is what I cannot, for the life of me, swallow!
Mrs. Stockmann. There is no doubt they have behaved very ill toward
you, Thomas; but is that sufficient reason for our leaving our native
country for good and all?
Dr. Stockmann. If we went to another town, do you suppose we should not
find the common people just as insolent as they are here? Depend upon
it, there is not much to choose between them. Oh, well, let the curs
snap—that is not the worst part of it. The worst is that, from one end
of this country to the other, every man is the slave of his Party.
Although, as far as that goes, I daresay it is not much better in the
free West either; the compact majority, and liberal public opinion, and
all that infernal old bag of tricks are probably rampant there too. But
there things are done on a larger scale, you see.
“Look into any mans heart you please, and you will always find, in every one, at least one black spot which he has to keep concealed”
as the woman remained here, living in poverty, people declared that
he had taken the money with him to America; and every time rumour
mentioned the sum, it grew larger.
Lona: And you, Karsten--?
Bernick: I grasped at the rumour like a drowning man at a straw.
Lona: You helped to spread it?
Bernick: I did not contradict it. Our creditors had begun to be
pressing, and I had the task of keeping them quiet. The result was the
dissipating of any suspicion as to the stability of the firm; people
said that we had been hit by a temporary piece of ill-luck--that all
that was necessary was that they should not press us--only give us time
and every creditor would be paid in full.
Lona: And every creditor was paid in full?
Bernick: Yes, Lona, that rumour saved our house and made me the man I
now am.
Lona: That is to say, a lie has made you the man you now are.
Bernick: Whom did it injure at the time? It was Johan's intention never
to come back.
Lona: You ask whom it injured. Look into your own heart, and tell me if
it has not injured you.
Bernick: Look into any man's heart you please, and you will always
find, in every one, at least one black spot which he has to keep
concealed.
Lona: And you call yourselves pillars of society!
Bernick: Society has none better.
Lona: And of what consequence is it whether such a society be propped
up or not? What does it all consist of? Show and lies--and nothing
else. Here are you, the first man in the town, living in grandeur and
luxury, powerful and respected--you, who have branded an innocent man
as a criminal.
Bernick: Do you suppose I am not deeply conscious of the wrong I have
done him? And do you suppose I am not ready to make amends to him for
it?
Lona: How? By speaking out?
Bernick: Would you have the heart to insist on that?
Lona: What else can make amends for such a wrong?
Bernick: I am rich, Lona; Johan can demand any sum he pleases.
Lona: Yes, offer him money, and you will hear what he will say.
Bernick: Do you know what he intends to do?
Lona: No; since yesterday he has been dumb. He looks as if this had
made a grown man of him all at once.
Bernick: I must talk to him.
“Home life ceases to be free and beautiful as soon as it is founded on borrowing and debt”
HELMER.
Nora! [_He goes up to her and takes her playfully by the ear._] Still my
little featherbrain! Supposing I borrowed a thousand crowns to-day, and
you made ducks and drakes of them during Christmas week, and then on New
Year’s Eve a tile blew off the roof and knocked my brains out——
NORA.
[_Laying her hand on his mouth._] Hush! How can you talk so horridly?
HELMER.
But supposing it were to happen—what then?
NORA.
If anything so dreadful happened, it would be all the same to me whether
I was in debt or not.
HELMER.
But what about the creditors?
NORA.
They! Who cares for _them_? They’re only strangers.
HELMER.
Nora, Nora! What a _woman_ you are! But seriously, Nora, you know my
principles on these points. No debts! No borrowing! Home life ceases to
be free and beautiful as soon as it is founded on borrowing and debt. We
two have held out bravely till now, and we are not going to give in at
the last.
NORA.
[_Going to the fireplace._] Very well—as you please, Torvald.
HELMER.
[_Following her._] Come come; my little lark mustn’t droop her wings
like that. What? Is my squirrel in the sulks? [_Takes out his purse._]
Nora, what do you think I have here?
NORA.
[_Turning round quickly._] Money!
HELMER.
There! [_Gives her some notes._] Of course I know all sorts of things
are wanted at Christmas.
NORA.
[_Counting._] Ten, twenty, thirty, forty. Oh, thank you, thank you,
Torvald! This will go a long way.
HELMER.
I should hope so.
NORA.
Yes, indeed; a long way! But come here, and let me show you all I’ve
been buying. And so cheap! Look, here’s a new suit for Ivar, and a
little sword.
“I dont wish you anything but just what you are - my own sweet little song-bird.”
It’s a sweet
little lark, but it gets through a lot of money. No one would believe
how much it costs a man to keep such a little bird as you.
NORA.
For shame! How can you say so? Why, I save as much as ever I can.
HELMER.
[_Laughing._] Very true—as much as you can—but that’s precisely nothing.
NORA.
[_Hums and smiles with covert glee._] H’m! If you only knew, Torvald,
what expenses we larks and squirrels have.
HELMER.
You’re a strange little being! Just like your father—always on the
look-out for all the money you can lay your hands on; but the moment you
have it, it seems to slip through your fingers; you never know what
becomes of it. Well, one must take you as you are. It’s in the blood.
Yes, Nora, that sort of thing is hereditary.
NORA.
I wish I had inherited many of papa’s qualities.
HELMER.
And I don’t wish you anything but just what you are—my own, sweet little
song-bird. But I say—it strikes me you look so—so—what shall I call
it?—so suspicious to-day——
NORA.
Do I?
HELMER.
You do, indeed. Look me full in the face.
NORA.
[_Looking at him._] Well?
HELMER.
[_Threatening with his finger._] Hasn’t the little sweet-tooth been
playing pranks to-day?
NORA.
No; how can you think such a thing!
HELMER.
Didn’t she just look in at the confectioner’s?
NORA.
No, Torvald; really——
HELMER.
Not to sip a little jelly?
NORA.
No; certainly not.
HELMER.
Hasn’t she even nibbled a macaroon or two?
NORA.
No, Torvald, indeed, indeed!
HELMER.
“You should never have your best trousers on when you go out to fight for freedom and truth.”
Such a nice man
Dr. Stockmann (looking at the letter). Does not dare do otherwise, he
says. Doesn't like doing it, but dare not do otherwise—on account of
his fellow-citizens—out of regard for public opinion. Is in a
dependent position—dares not offend certain influential men.
Mrs. Stockmann. There, you see, Thomas!
Dr. Stockmann. Yes, yes, I see well enough; the whole lot of them in
the town are cowards; not a man among them dares do anything for fear
of the others. (Throws the letter on to the table.) But it doesn't
matter to us, Katherine. We are going to sail away to the New World,
and—
Mrs. Stockmann. But, Thomas, are you sure we are well advised to take
this step?
Dr. Stockmann. Are you suggesting that I should stay here, where they
have pilloried me as an enemy of the people—branded me—broken my
windows! And just look here, Katherine—they have torn a great rent in
my black trousers too!
Mrs. Stockmann. Oh, dear!—and they are the best pair you have got!
Dr. Stockmann. You should never wear your best trousers when you go out
to fight for freedom and truth. It is not that I care so much about the
trousers, you know; you can always sew them up again for me. But that
the common herd should dare to make this attack on me, as if they were
my equals—that is what I cannot, for the life of me, swallow!
Mrs. Stockmann. There is no doubt they have behaved very ill toward
you, Thomas; but is that sufficient reason for our leaving our native
country for good and all?
Dr. Stockmann. If we went to another town, do you suppose we should not
find the common people just as insolent as they are here? Depend upon
it, there is not much to choose between them. Oh, well, let the curs
snap—that is not the worst part of it. The worst is that, from one end
of this country to the other, every man is the slave of his Party.
Although, as far as that goes, I daresay it is not much better in the
free West either; the compact majority, and liberal public opinion, and
all that infernal old bag of tricks are probably rampant there too. But
there things are done on a larger scale, you see.
“Ah, I fancy it is just the same with most of what you call your emancipation. You have read yourself into a number of new ideas and opinions. You have got a sort of smattering of recent discoveries in various fields / discoveries that seem to overthrow certain principles which have hitherto been held impregnable and unassailable. But all this has only been a matter of intellect, Miss West / superficial acquisition. It has not passed into your blood.”
You
want to cheat me into believing it. This can never, never be true! It
cannot! Never in this world——!
KROLL.
[_Rises._] My dear Miss West—why in heaven’s name are you so terribly
excited? You quite frighten me! What am I to think—to believe——?
REBECCA.
Nothing! You are to think and believe nothing.
KROLL.
Then you must really tell me how you can take this affair—this
possibility—so terribly to heart.
REBECCA.
[_Controlling herself._] It is perfectly simple, Rector Kroll. I have no
wish to be taken for an illegitimate child.
KROLL.
Indeed! Well well, let us be satisfied with that explanation—in the
meantime. But in that case you must still have a certain—prejudice on
that point too?
REBECCA.
Yes, I suppose I have.
KROLL.
Ah, I fancy it is much the same with most of what you call your
“emancipation.” You have read yourself into a number of new ideas and
opinions. You have got a sort of smattering of recent discoveries in
various fields—discoveries that seem to overthrow certain principles
which have hitherto been held impregnable and unassailable. But all this
has only been a matter of the intellect, Miss West—a superficial
acquisition. It has not passed into your blood.
REBECCA.
[_Thoughtfully._] Perhaps you are right.
KROLL.
Yes, look into your own mind, and you will see! And if this is the case
with you, one may easily guess how it must be with Johannes Rosmer. It
is sheer, unmitigated madness—it is running blindfold to destruction—for
him to think of coming openly forward and confessing himself an
apostate! Only think—a man of his sensitive nature! Imagine him disowned
and persecuted by the circle of which he has always formed a
part—exposed to ruthless attacks from all the best people in the
community! He is not—he never can be the man to endure all that.
REBECCA.
He _must_ endure it! It is too late now for him to retreat.
KROLL.
Not at all too late. By no means. What has happened can be hushed up—or
at least explained away as a mere temporary aberration, however
deplorable. But—one measure is certainly indispensable.
“The worst enemy of truth and freedom in our society is the compact majority”
“A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed”
“A forest bird never wants a cage.”
“The majority is never right. Never, I tell you! Thats one of these lies in society that no free and intelligent man can help rebelling against. Who are the people that make up the biggest proportion of the population the intelligent ones or the fool”
“Your home is regarded as a model home, your life as a model life. But all this splendor, and you along with it... its just as though it were built upon a shifting quagmire. A moment may come, a word can be spoken, and both you and all this splendor will collapse.”
“Emperor? You old fake! / Youre no Emperor. Youre just an onion. / Now then, little Peer, Im going to peel you.”
“A minority may be right, and a majority is always wrong.”
“Marriage! Nothing else demands so much of a man.”
“Really to sin you have to be serious about it.”